USA - About one in five Americans combine a view of God as actively engaged in daily workings of the world with an economic conservative view that opposes government regulation and champions the free market as a matter of faith.
"They say the invisible hand of the free market is really God at work," says sociologist Paul Froese, co-author of the Baylor Religion Survey, released today by Baylor University in Waco, Texas.
"They think the economy works because God wants it to work. It's a new religious economic idealism," with politicians "invoking God while chanting 'less government,'" he says.
"When Rick Perry or Michele Bachmann say 'God blesses us, God watches us, God helps us,' religious conservatives get the shorthand. They see 'government' as a profane object — a word that is used to signal working against God's plan for the United States. To argue against this is to argue with their religion."
Most (81%) political conservatives say there is one "ultimate truth in the world, and new economic information of cost-benefit analysis is not going to change their mind about how the economy should work," Froese says.
At the opposite pole, another one in five Americans don't see God stepping in to their daily lives and favor reducing wealth and inequality through taxation.
"So they're less likely to see God controlling the economy. Liberal economic perspectives are synonymous with the belief that there is no one 'ultimate truth,'" Froese says.
This is a distinctly American cultural finding and specific to this point in history. It was different in the past, it might be different in the future and it's different now in Western Europe, Froese says.
The survey of 1,714 U.S. adults, conducted by Gallup in fall 2010, was funded by Baylor, the National Science Foundation and the John Templeton Foundation. The margin of error is plus or minus 4 percentage points.
It finds nearly three in four Americans (73%) say "I know God has a plan for me." Within this group:
•49% say "the government in Washington is trying to do too many things that should be left to individuals and private businesses."
•79% say "able-bodied people who are out of work shouldn't receive unemployment checks if they are passing up jobs they can do."
•92% say "anything is possible for those who work hard."
But people who weren't working (32% of those surveyed) answer differently, says another Baylor co-author, sociologist Kevin Dougherty.
Working people, paid or volunteer, were more likely (45%) to say the government does too much than those who weren't working (37%). They were also more likely (81% to 72%) to say healthy people don't deserve unemployment benefits.
The idea of interwoven religious and economic views dates back decades to sociologist and economist Max Weber, says Chris Christopher, a principal economist with IHS Global Insight, a economic forecasting firm. "Weber's classic work, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, explores this. I'm not saying everything Weber says is correct. But there's a correlation — and a big debate over which causes which."